Ximeniaceae Horan

Family Description

Distribution Map

Photographs

Curupira

1. Curupira tefeensis
   • Habit of the tree and closer view of foliage.  Specimen grown from seed collected at the type locality in Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.  This tree, over 12 m in height, is growing at the Silvicultural Experimental Station ca. 60 km from Manaus, part of INPA (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research).  Photo 26 Oct. 2010 by Charles Clement.
   • Herbarium specimen showing distinctive venation (3-nerved from base) and umbellate inflorescence. Specimen from Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium (MO). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Stamens dissected from an herbarium specimen showing porose dehiscence (arrow). As above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Herbarium specimen of plant in fruit and close-up of fruits. Specimens from Harvard Herbarium. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Illustration. From Sleumer (1984), reproduced in Kuijt & Hansen (2015). Link goes to Springer Link page.

Douradoa

1. Douradoa consimilis
   • Herbarium specimens, including the type. Brazil. Link goes to New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium.
   • Illustration. From Sleumer (1984), reproduced in Kuijt & Hansen (2015). Link goes to Springer Link page.

Malania

1. Malania oleifera
   • Habit of tree. Fruiting branches. From a Chinese web page HERE.
   • Flowering plant. Inflorescence. Flowers. Herbarium specimens from China, by Yang Zenghong 81-0155 (6 Apr. 1981) Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Fruiting plant. Herbarium specimen from China, by Lin Zhongwen 687 (13 Nov. 1964). The seeds of this species yield an edible oil that is also used as a lubricant for machinery. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photos of fruits. From Tang et al. (2013, Constituents of the essential oil and fatty acid from Malania oleifera, Industrial Crops and Products 43:105). Link to article goes to Science Direct.

Ximenia

1. Ximenia americana var. americana
   • Haustorial connection to host root. Andros Island, Bahamas. [DLN 2601]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Habit of plant showing short shoots and thorns. Andros Island, Bahamas. [DLN 2601]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Plant showing shoots, thorns, flowers, and fruit. Link goes to Fairchild Tropical Garden Virtual Herbarium.
   • Flowering and fruiting branches. Close-up of flowers. Photos by Tim Motley Links go to Gerald Carr's website, University of Hawaii.
   • Close-up of flowers. Photo taken in Florida by L. J. Musselman.
   • Seedling. Seedling still attached to seed showing cataphyll growing into the interpetiolar space. Another view of seedling.  All photos by L. J. Musselman. See also Musselman and Mann (1977, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 53:121-125).
   • Ximenia used as a famine food. Link goes to Ethiopia: Famine Food Field Guide by University of Pennsylvania.
   • Habit of the tree, bark, shoots with flowers and fruit, close-up of fruit. Palma Game Camp Area, Ghana From the Virtual Field Herbarium website, Oxford. Photo by P.Ekpe/NSBP.
   • Photos. Leaves, flowers, fruits. Florula of Fazenda Rio do Negro, Bahia, Brazil (S12.01 W038.04 150 m alt.) Photos March 2007 by Alex Popovkin. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photos. A series of photos and descriptions (in French). For a Google translation of the page to English, go HERE.  Link goes to Endemia.nc.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
   • Photos.  Edo. Madre de Dios, Tambopata, Peru as well as Guanacaste, Costa Rica.  Photos by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.
   • Photo. Shoots with fruits. Suttagatti, Karnataka, India. Photo by Prashant Awale. Link goes to Flowers of India.
   • Photos. Link goes to Phytoimages
     
2. Ximenia americana var. caffra
   • Habit of plant in fruit. Kenya: Kacheliba Escarpment. Photograph by D. Napper [no. 2121]. Slide no. 9570 archived at Kew.
   • Plant in fruit. Kruger National Park, Transvaal, South Africa. Photograph by C. Puff, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
   • One view and another of fruiting branches. From PlantZAfrica.com web site by Joseph K. Baloyi and Yvonne Reynolds, Pretoria National Botanical Garden. Photos by Geoff Nichols.
   • Shoots with flower buds. Jilore, Kenya. From Plants of Africa, Mt. Kenya Rainforest. Photo by Richard  Spjut (Spjut and Muchai no. 3823).
   • One view and another of flowering shoots. Jilore, Kenya. From Plants of Africa, Mt. Kenya Rainforest. Photo by Richard  Spjut (Spjut and Muchai no. 3823).
   • Series of photos of flowers and fruits.  Given as X. caffra var. natalensis.  Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Photos. Photos. KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Photos by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.
3. Ximenia parviflora
   
   • Photos. Plant in fruit. Michuacan, Mexico. Link goes to Phytoimages.
4. Ximenia perrieri
   
   • Photos. Village of Antsira, Toliara, Madagascar.  Photos 15 Jan 2006 by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
     
5. Ximenia sp.
   • Plant with red flowers. Jalisco, Mexico. Photo by A. Gentry (No. 73486). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.

Phylogeny

• The first molecular phylogeny of Olacaceae s. lat. was by Malécot and Nickrent (2008).  A pdf file for that paper can be seen by clicking HERE.
• A reclassification of the families of Santalales was by Nickrent et al. (2010). A pdf file for that paper canbe seen by clicking HERE.
• A multigene phylogeny for the order Santalales was by Su et al. (2015). A pdf file for that paper canbe seen by clicking HERE.

References