Thesiaceae Vest

Family Description

Distribution Map

List of genera

Phylogeny & Classification

• For a molecular phylogeny of the major clades in Thesiaceae, see Nickrent & García (2015): HERE.
• For a molecular phylogeny of "Santalaceae" in the broad sense, see Der & Nickrent (2008): HERE.
• For a reclassification of Santalales, including family names for all the clades, see Nickrent et al. (2010): HERE.
• For a comparison of "Santalaceae" classifications, past and present, go HERE.

Photographs

Buckleya

1. Buckleya angulosa
   
   • Habit of female plant with young fruits.  A new species named in 2004 from Anhui, Tianzhushan Prov., China. Photo by Dave Boufford.
   • Closer view of young fruit. A new species named in 2004 from Anhui, Tianzhushan Prov., China. Photo by Dave Boufford.
   • Photos.  Anhui Prov. Xiuning County, China.  Photos 7 Jun 2012 by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.
2. Buckleya distichophylla
   • Shoot with staminate flowers. Buckleya is a rare, Tertiary relictual shrub of the Appalachians that is parasitic on Tsuga (hemlock trees). [DLN 2692]. Virginia, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Staminate flowering shoots. Virginia, USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
   • Staminate flowers, close-up.Virginia, USA Photo by Ken Robertson.
   • Carpellate flower.Virginia, USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
   • Carpellate plants showing "torpedo-like" fruits. Virginia, USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
   • Excellent photos by Will Cook of the species from his Carolina Nature web pages.
   • More excellent photos on the Southeastern Flora web site.
     
3. Buckleya graebneriana
   
   • Photos. Shaanxi Taibai Mountain, China. Photos by PlantPhoto.cn. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
   • Photos.  Link goes to www.planta.cn.
4. Buckleya lanceolata
   • Plant showing carpellate flower. Japan. Photo by Kazuo Yamasaki.
   • Fruits. Yamanashi, Japan. Photograph by Kihara Hiroshi, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
   • Photos of the male flowers and fruits. Link goes to Y. Hada's pages, Okayama University of Science.
   • Photos. Nice photos of female flowers and fruits. Japan. Photos by Makilab. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photos.  Shaanxi Huxian flood valley town of Bald Mountain, China. Photos by PlantPhoto.cn. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
   • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.

Lacomucinaea

1. Lacomucinaea lineata.  Formerly Thesium lineatum
   

   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages. See paper by Nickrent & García (2015) HERE.

Osyridicarpos

1. Osyridicarpos schimperianus
   • Shoots. Near Grahamstown, South Africa. [DLN 4110]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowering and fruiting stems, close-up. Near Grahamstown, South Africa. [DLN 4110]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowering shoot.  Vumba Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe. From Flora of Zimbabwe web site.  Photo by B. Wursten.
   • Shoot with young fruits.  Ndundu Lodge, Vumba.  Zimbabwe.  From From Flora of Zimbabwe web site.  Photo by B. Wursten.
   • Photos.  Mpumalanga, Lydenburg District, South Africa.  Photos 17 Mar. 2005 by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.

Thesium

1. Four (of the many!) species of Thesium from South Africa. All obtained in general vicinity of Capetown, South Africa. Photo by D. L. Nickrent. From left to right: T. spicatum [DLN 4095], T. strictum [DLN 4093], T. carinatum [DLN4 4094],T. nudicaule [DLN 4098].
2. Thesium alpinum
   • Inflorescence and close-up of flowers. Note that the flowers are arranged in a one-sided raceme, which is characteristic for this species. This species normally bears 4-merous flowers, 5-petaled ones occur only occasionally. Elev. about 1600 m, Brauneck, Bavaria, Germany. Photo taken 21st June 2005 by Andreas S. Fleischmann.
   • Close-up of flowers. Hochschwab, Austria. Photo by G. Glatzel.
   • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
     
3. Thesium arvense (= T. ramosum)
   • Shoots. A very widespread species in Asia and Eastern Europe. Note the white, swollen fruiting pedicels. The plant is also quite scabrid, specially on the inflorescence. Photographed near Pambak, Sevan Lake, Armenia, by Miguel A. García.
4. Thesium bavarum
   • Habit of plant. Growing up to 60 cm in height, this is one of the tallest European Thesium species. Landsberg, Bavaria, altitude 580 m. Photo June 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
   • Close-up of flowers. Landsberg, Bavaria, altitude 580 m. Photo June 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
   • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
5. Thesium bergeri
   • Flower close-up. Fayraya. Lebanon. Photographed April 18, 2002 by L. J. Musselman.
   • 
     
6. Thesium brachyphyllum
   • Flowering shoots. Photographed at Meghri Pass, Armenia at 2550 m. not far from the Iranian border, by Miguel A. García.
7. Thesium brasiliense
   
   • Photo. Milliken, W. 4145 - Brazil: Minas Gerais. Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
8. Thesium (formerly Kunkeliella) canariensis
   • Habit of plant. Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Photo by Isabel Santana López, November 2003.
   • Closer view of plant showing developing fruits. Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Photo by Isabel Santana López, November 2003.
   • Close-up of flower. Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Photo by Isabel Santana López, November 2003.
   • Illustration from Stearn, W. T. 1972 (Cuad. Bot. Canar. XVI: 11-26).
9. Thesium carinatum
   • Close-up of inflorescence. Bain's Kloof, just above Montagu Rocks, South Africa [DLN 4094]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
10.  Thesium cathaicum
    
    • Photos.  Shandong Qianfoshan, China.  Photo by PlantPhoto.cn.  Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
11. Thesium chinense
    • Close-up of flower. Y. Hada's pages, Okayama University of Science. Link to more photos of this species HERE.
    • Fruiting plant. Photo by J.-M. Hu, May 25, 1993. Hua-Lien, Taiwan. [Hu 93-1211].
    • Photos.  Anhui Huangshan Green Valley, China. Photo by Xuke Xue. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
12. Thesium dollineri
    
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
13. Thesium dolichomeres
    • Photos.  Chimanimani Mountains, Manicaland, Zimbabwe.  Photos by Bart Wursten.  Link goes to Flickr.
14. Thesium ebracteatum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
15. Thesium euphorbioides
    • Photo.  Fernkloof Nature Reserve. Photo by D. L. Nickrent. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. South Africa. Link goes to Flora of the World.
      
16. Thesium (formerly Thesidium) fragile
    • Habitat of the plant. De Hoop National Park, South Africa. [DLN 4102]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Closer view of the plant. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Inflorescence. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Close-up of plant showing squamate habit (i.e. with scale leaves), the tiny flowers arranged in compact spikes, and a developing fruit with a white inferior ovary and persistent orange sepals. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
17. Thesium funale
    • Flowering shoots. Link goes to Plant Web, plants of South Africa by Peter Swart.
18. Thesium himalense
    
    • Photos. Flowering shoots. Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, India. Photos by Krishan Lal. . Link goes to Flowers of India.
19. Thesium humifusum
    • Several photographs of flowers, fruits and pollen. From BIOIMAGES: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK).
20. Thesium linophyllon
    
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
21. Thesium longifolium
    
    • Photos.  Tibet Autonomous Region Sharma, China. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
22. Thesium longiflorum
    
    • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.
23. Thesium nudicaule
    • Close-up of flowers and fruits. Goedverwag, South Africa [DLN 4098]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
24. Thesium pallidum
    
    • Photos.  KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Photos 30 Sept. 2003 by C. Davidson.  Link goes to Flora of the World.
25. Thesium pyrenaicum
    • Plant in flower. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by Andreas S. Fleischmann.
    • Plant in fruit. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by Andreas S. Fleischmann.
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
26. Thesium ramosoides
    
    • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.
27. Thesium ramosum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
28. Thesium (formerly Kunkeliella) retamoides
    • Habit of plant in fruit. Canary Islands. Photo by Peter Schönfelder. See Flora Canaria web site.
    • Close-up showing flowers. Canary Islands. Photo by Peter Schönfelder.
29. Thesium refractum
    
    • Photos. In a subalpine meadow, Beijing Dongling, China. Photo by PlantPhoto.cn. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
30. Thesium rostratum
    
    • Habit of plant. Starnberg, Bavaria. Photo June 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
    • Close-up of flowers. Starnberg, Bavaria. Photo June 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
    • Fruits. This species is easily recognized by its conspicious yellow, berry-like fruits that are topped by a persistent green petals and the presence of one (vs. three) floral bract. Starnberg, Bavaria. Photo June 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
    • Photos. Link goes to BioLib.cz
31. Thesium spicatum
    • Habit of plant. Boskloof Farm, South Africa. [DLN 4095] Photo by D. Nickrent.
    • Inflorescences. Boskloof Farm, South Africa. Photo by D. Nickrent.
    • Close-up of inflorescence. Boskloof Farm, South Africa. Photo by D. Nickrent.
32. Thesium strictum
    • The plant is a common shrub just over one meter in height. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, Capetown, South Africa. [DLN 4093]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos. Various locations in South Africa.  Photos by D. L. Nickrent.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
33. Thesium (formerly Kunkeliella) subsucculenta
    • Habit of plants in vegetative condition. Tenerife, Canary Islands. Photographed in September 2003 by José Naranjo Suárez.
    • Same as above showing close-up of succulent stems. Tenerife, Canary Islands. Photographed in September 2003 by José Naranjo Suárez.
34. Thesium szovitsii
    • Photos of flowers and fruits. This plant grows in subdesertic places near Yerevan and close to the Turkish and Azerbaijan borders. It is a glaucous, erect plant with relatively large flowers and in many cases is somewhat succulent. Photo by Miguel A. García.
35. Thesium triste
    
    • Habit of plant.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
36. Thesium szovitsii
    
    • Photos. Plant from Georgia. Link goes to Flora of the World.
37. Thesium viridifolium
    
    • Nine beautiful photographs showing flowers, etc. Link goes to Plant Web, plants of South Africa by Peter Swart.
38. Thesium sp.
    • Photos of a possibly new species. From Madagascar. Link goes to Flora of the World.

References