Viscaceae Batsch

Family Description

Distribution Map

List of Genera

Life Cycle of Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoe)

Dwarf Mistletoe Monograph (Hawksworth & Wiens 1996)

Controlling Mistletoe (Phoradendron)

Photographs

Arceuthobium

Arceuthobium Witches' Brooms

The Dwarf Mistletoe Gurus! Frank Hawksworth (right) and Delbert Wiens (left), San Cristobal, Guatemala, February, 1975. Whole scene. Close-up.

1. Arceuthobium abieties-religiosae
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
2. Arceuthobium americanum
   • Photo Carpellate plant on Pinus contorta. Saguache Co., Colorado, USA. [DLN 1560]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo. Carpellate plant with mature fruits. Arrow indicates verticillate branching. , Buckhorn Mt., Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1508].
   • Photo. Closer view of carpellate plant with mature fruits. Arrow indicates pistillate flowers. Buckhorn Mt., Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1508]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo. Carpellate plant (left) and immature staminate plant (right). Arrow indicates verticillate branching on the staminate plant. Pennock Pass, Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1550]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
     
   • Photo Seed just after dehiscence, sticking to a host (Pinus contorta) needle. Larimer Co., Colorado, USA. [DLN 1508]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photos. Showing wood sections with parasite endophyte.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos. Plant in fruit. Link goes to Flora of the World.
     
3. Arceuthobium azoricum
   • Photo Azore islands. Photo by Carlos Aedo Perez.
4. Arceuthobium bicarinatum
   
   • Photo.  Shoots emerging from Pinus occidentalis. Hispaniola. Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
5. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. abietinum. NOTE: PhytoImages links at present only go to the species level. We hope to implement links to subspecific taxa soon.
   
   • Photo Staminate plant on Abies magnifica. (= A. abietinum f. sp. magnificae; DLN 1910), Madera Co., California, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
6. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. apachecum
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
7. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. blumeri
   
   • Staminate plant and close-up of shoots with flowers. Note variation in number of petals. Pistillate shoots emerging from host, Pinus strobiformis and closer view of shoots with fruits. Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Pima Co. AZ. Photos by R. L. Mathiasen.
8. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. californicum
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
9.  Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. campylopodum. 
   
   • Photo Carpellate plant on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Staminate plant on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Young staminate plant (left) and fruiting carpellate plant (right) on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
10.  Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. cyanocarpum
    
    • Photo Staminate plant (left) and carpellate plant (right) on Pinus ponderosa. (DLN 1570), Boulder Co., Colorado, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. Double infection with A. vaginatum ssp. cryptopodum.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
11. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. laricis
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
12. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. littorum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
13. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. microcarpum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
14. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. monticola
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits. Josephine Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2708]
15. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. occidentale
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with slightly immature fruits. Tulare Co. CA; Sept. 1981 [DLN 1694],
    • Photo Closer view of carpellate plant with slightly immature fruits. Arrow indicates flabellate branching. Tulare Co. CA; Sept. 1981[DLN 1694]
16. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. siskiyouense
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits. Arrow indicates flabellate branching. Del Norte Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2704]
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits.  Del Norte Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2706]
17. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. tsugense
    
    • Photo Note the large, fusiform swelling of the branch of its host Pinus contorta ssp. contorta. (DLN 2664), Horne Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Infection of three host trees: Abies lasiocarpa, Tsuga mertensiana and Pinus albicaulis.  (DLN 2684), Lane Co., Oregon, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
18. Arceuthobium chinense
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Subject Database of Chinese Plants.
    • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.
19. Arceuthobium divaricatum
    • Staminate plant in flower and pistillate plant with fruits. Pecos, NM. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Pinus monophylla branches with mistletoe, pistillate plant with fruits, color variations. North of Baldwin Lake, San Bernardino Co, CA. [DLN 1897]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Staminate plant, closer view of staminate shoots with flowers, staminate shoot in hand, pistillate plant, pistillate shoot in hand. Mt. Withington, Socoro Co. NM. [DLN 1623]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
20. Arceuthobium douglasii
    • One view and another of fruiting shoots. Parasitic on Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mt. Herman, El Paso Co. CO [DLN 1556]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Host branches (Pseudotsuga) with severe systemic infections of Douglas fir dwarf mistletoe. Mt. Withington, Socoro Co. NM [DLN 1627]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Maroon colored shoots with fruits. Bear Wallow, Santa Catalina Mts., Pima Co. AZ. [DLN 1941]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Purple colored shoots with fruits. Pinalenos Mts., AZ. [DLN 1949]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Pseudotsuga showing the different developmental stages of mistletoe corresponding to growth increments of host branches. Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico [DLN 1984]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Host branch with staminate shoots and young pistillate shoots. Johnson Mesa, Santa Fe National Forest, Sangre de Cristo Mountains NM. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Staminate shoots infecting host stem and close-up of staminate shoot in flower. Photos by D. Wiens.
    • Plant with fungal hyperparasite Caliciopsis (Wallrothiella) arceuthobii. In this close-up, note the black stroma that contain perithecia on the stigmatic surface of these pistillate flowers. Sandia Mts., Sandoval Co., NM. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
21. Arceuthobium gillii
    • Photo Plant attached to stem of host, Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana. Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1938].
    • Photo Closer view of carpellate plants with fruits. Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1938].
    • Photo Fruiting stem in hand. Pima County, AZ. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1663].
22. Arceuthobium globosum (including subspecies aureum, globosum, grandicaule, and petersonii)
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
23. Arceuthobium guatemalense
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
24. Arceuthobium hondurense
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
25. Arceuthobium juniperi-procerae
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
26. Arceuthobium minutissimum
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
27. Arceuthobium nigrum (formerly A. gillii ssp. nigrum)
    
    • Photo on p. 228 of Agricultural Handbook 709.
28. Arceuthobium oaxacanum
    
    • Photo on p. 228 Agricultural Handbook 709.
29. Arceuthobium oxycedri
    • Host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus, infected with Arceuthobium oxycedri. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of infection on host branch. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Habit of mistletoe on host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Globose, young infection on host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Infection on host branch. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of young shoots. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos. Mistletoe shoots on host branches. Lahaul-Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Photo by Krishan Lal. Link goes to Flowers of India.
30. Arceuthobium pendens
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
31. Arceuthobium pini
    
    • Photo.  Habit of the mistletoe parasitic on Pinus yunnanensis, Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve in Northwest Yunnan, China. Photo by Cyril Greuter.
32. Arceuthobium pusillum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages. 
33. Arceuthobium rubrum
    • Photo Link goes to PhytoImages.
34. Arceuthobium sichuanense
    
    • Photo.  Fruiting shoots. Link goes to Subject Database of Chinese Plants.
35. Arceuthobium strictum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
36. Arceuthobium tibetense
    • Photo Carpellate plants. China, Tibet, prov. Sichuan, Shalui Shan Mts., 30 km NE of Batang, S of Yidun, 30°16'N/99°25'E, 3800 m alt., 25 June.1994. Photo by Walter Obermayer.
37. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. cryptopodum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages (all subspecies at present).
    • Photo Shoots of the western US mistletoe emerging months after a greenhouse inoculation of the host (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Young mistletoe shoots emerging from bark on main bole of Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum.  This shows how the mistletoe tissue can be latent and later emerge following disturbance (crack in bark, etc.).  S of Tres Lagunas, along Rt. 63, N of Pecos, NM. Photo 3 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Carpellate (above) and staminate (below) shoots of the mistletoe emerging from host (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum).  Santa Fe National Forest, Johnson Mesa, Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Photo 2 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Close-up of staminate shoots.  Note the variation in flower merousity; 3- and 4-merous flowers can be seen.  Santa Fe National Forest, Johnson Mesa, Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Photo 2 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
38. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. durangense (= A. durangense)
    • Photo Seedling with holdfast parasitizing a host pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum) under greenhouse conditions. Durango, Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Carpellate plant showing the explosive dehiscence of the seed from the shoot. Durango, Mexico. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photo Plants being disarticulated by leaf-cutter ants (Atta mexicana). Durango, Mexico.Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Illustration of leaf-cutter ants (Atta mexicana) and Arceuthobium durangense by D. L. Nickrent. Click HERE to see the Golden Bough paper on this interesting association.
39. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. vaginatum
    • Photo Seeds of this Mexican taxon without (left) and with (right) viscin coat. Note bubbles formed by photosynthesizing endosperms. [DLN 1980]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
40. Arceuthobium verticilliflorum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
41. Arceuthobium yecorense
    • Photo in Chapter 16, p. 258 in Agricultural Handbook 709.

Dendrophthora

1. Dendropthora buxifolia
   • Photo 1 and photo 2. Cuba. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo IDs 26982, 26983. Photos by Robin Foster.
2. Dendrophthora clavata
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 10932. Photo by Robin Foster.
3. Dendrophthora costaricensis ssp. costaricensis
   • Photo1,  Photo2. Flowering and fruiting shoots. San Jose Prov., Dist. Dota, San Geraldo, Costa Rica. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, June 17, 2004.
   • Photos. Fruiting shoots. Puntarenas, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Santamaría & Monro 8695. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photo 1 showing plant habit and Photo 2 close-up of infructescence.  Along ridge leading to Río Teribe, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 5228. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photos. Slopes of Cerro Itamut near camp 1, 12.1 km NE (straight line) of Estación Pittier, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9868. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photos. Fruiting shoots. Limón, Costa Rica. Monro et al. 7085. Link goes to TROPICOS.
4. Dendrophthora costaricensis ssp. poasensis
   • Photo Shoots with young inflorescence. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
   • Photo Shoots with mature and maturing fruits. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
   • Photo Mature, flattened fruits. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
5. Dendrophthora cupressoides
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
6. Dendrophthora davidsei
   
   • Photos.  NE of camp 2, along ridge leading to Río Teribe, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9924. . Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photo. South slopes of Cerro Itamut, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9976. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photos.  Parque Internacional La Amistad,, Costa Rica. Monro et al. 7226.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
7. Dendrophthora dodsonii
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
8. Dendrophthora domingensis
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
9. Dendrophthora elegantissima
   
   • Photo.  Páramo Santa Inés, Antioquia, Colombia. A. Guarin (4283). Link goes to TROPICOS.
10.  Dendrophthora elliptica
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14265. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Habit of mistletoe parasitic on Tibouchina (arrows, bar = 3 cm) and close-up of fruiting shoot (bar = 3 cm).  Figure 37 from Reif (2007).  English translation of the thesis available HERE.
11.  Dendrophthora flagelliformis
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo.  Close-up of inflorescences with young fruits.  Puerto Rico, Municipio of Sabana Grande, 30 June 1991, James S. Miller & Chris D. Sherman 6615. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Habit of mistletoe on host branch. Camuy Caverns Park, Camuy, NW Puerto Rico. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
12. Dendrophthora fortis
    
    • Photo. Fruiting shoots. Panama. From Kuijt & Harrison (2015. Phytologia 97:139-144).
13. Dendrophthora harlingii
    
    • Photos. Ecuador.  David A. Neill - 15884. Link goes to TROPICOS.
14. Dendrophthora jauana
    
    • Photo.  Cerro Neblina Valle de Titricó, N of Pico Phelps Amazonas, Venezuela.  Photo by T. Croat, voucher 59546. From TROPICOS image library MO.
15. Dendrophthora lueri
    • Photo. Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 11743. Photo by Robin Foster.
16. Dendrophthora mesembryanthemifolia
    
    • Photos.  Fruiting shoots. Montane forest, La Suiza Vieja, Peru. Van der Werff et al. 22855. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos.  Fruiting shoots. Cloud forest and puna vegetation, Along trail Milpo to Sta. Barbara, Peru. Van der Werff et al. 23158. Link goes to TROPICOS.
17. Dendrophthora opuntioides
    
    • Photo. Above Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew, Jamaica.  Photo by A. Gentry, voucher no. 28325.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo of the mistletoe shoots, photo of the stem base, and photo of fruiting shoots covered with lichens. Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, east-central Jamaica. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
18.  Dendrophthora paucifolia
    • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 23558. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 23563. Photo by Robin Foster.
19. Dendrophthora perlicarpa
    
    • Photo. Flowering shoots. Panama. From Kuijt & Harrison (2015. Phytologia 97:139-144).
20. Dendrophthora primaria
    
    • Photo. Inflorescences. Panama. From Kuijt & Harrison (2016. Phytologia 98(2):142-145).
21. Dendrophthora purpurea
    
    • Photo.  Flowering shoot.  Bolivia, La Paz, Murillo.  James Solomon 19048. Link goes to TROPICOS.
22. Dendrophthora remotiflora
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
23. Dendrophthora roraimae
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
24. Dendrophthora serpyllifolia
    
    • Photo of young mistletoe shoots emerging from host branch. Camuy Caverns Park, Camuy, NW Puerto Rico. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
25. Dendrophthora squamigera
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos.  Mistletoes with flowering and fruiting spikes. Slopes of Cerro Itamut, Bocas del Toro, Panama.  Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro 9869. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. 12.3 km NE of Estación Pittier, SE slopes of Cerro Itamut, ridge above small quebrada running between Itamut and El Pyramide, Bocas del Toro, Panama.  Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 10010. Link goes to TROPICOS.
26. Dendrophthora turrialbae
    
    • Photo of plant in fruit.  Costa Rica. Photo by Ronald Jones. Link goes to PhytoImages.
27. Dendrophthora sp.
    
    • Photos. Plant in fruit. Peru. Link goes to Flora of the World.

Ginalloa

1. Ginalloa angustifolia
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
2. Ginalloa arnottiana
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
3. Ginalloa ovata
   • Photograph of isotype. Link goes to New York Botanical Garden.

Korthalsella

1. Korthalsella clavata
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo Shoots. New Zealand. Photo by Dave Norton.
2. Korthalsella complanata
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
3. Korthalsella cylindrica
   • Flowering shoots, close-up of flowers. Link goes to University of Hawaii Vascular Plant Families.
4. Korthalsella disticha
   • Photo Habit of plant. Norfolk Island (between New Zealand and New Caledonia). Photo by Peter Bannister.
   • Photos of shoots and close-up of fruiting shoots.  Mandjelia, New Caledonia. Photo 13 Nov. 2007 by C. Davidson (coll. J. Munzinger 4752). From FloraoftheWorld.org.
   • Photo.  Habit of plant in tree.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Photo.  Closer view of mistletoe.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Photo Close-up of stem, photo close-up of fruits. Link goes to Australia National Botanic Gardens.
   • Photo. New Caledonia. Link goes to TROPICOS.
     
   • Photo Habit. Link goes to Australia National Botanic Gardens.
   • Photo (by G. Butler) habit of mistletoe, photo (by M. Fagg) closer view of shoots and photo (by M. Fagg) of fruiting stem.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. A series of photos and descriptions (in French). For a Google translation of the page to English, go HERE.  Link goes to Endemia.nc.
   • Photos. Province du Nord, New Caledonia. Photos 13 Nov 2007 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
     
5. Korthalsella geminata
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
6. Korthalsella grayi
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo habit of plant, photo of shoots with young fruits.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
7. Korthalsella horneana
   
   • Shoots with fruits.  From Rare Plants of American Samoa. Photo 1994 by W. Arthur Whistler.
8. Korthalsella japonica.
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo Shoot showing flowers and fruits. Tarumizu, Kagoshima, Japan. Photograph by Nagata Yoshio, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
   • Photo1, Photo2.  Madagascar. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photos. A series of close-up photos of flowers, fruits, etc. Taiwan. Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo habit of plant, photo of shoots with young fruits.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos ssp. brassiana.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
   • Photos ssp. brassiana Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos. Mistletoe shoots on host branches. Sirmaur Dist., Himachal Pradesh, India. Photos by Krishan Lal. Link goes to Flowers of India.
9. Korthalsella latissima
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo.  An excellent photo of this species from Koke'e State Park, Kaua'i, Hawaii. Link goes to Picas web albums by John.
   • Photo. Shoots. Link goes to University of Hawai'i Vascular Plant Families.
   • Photo.  Shoots (as K. complanata). From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Forest and Kim Starr.
10. Korthalsella lindsayi
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo.  Parasitic on Coprosma crassifolia. New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
    • Photo.  Parasitic on on Melicope simplex.  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
11.  Korthalsella opuntia  
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. Most similar to var. gaudichaudi. Parasitic on the endemic Euodia borbonica. La Réunion. Photo by Rogier van Vugt, Feb. 9, 2008.
    • Photo. Most similar to var. richardi. La Réunion. Photo by Rogier van Vugt, Feb. 13, 2008.
12. Korthalsella papuana  
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
    • Photos Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.. 
13. Korthalsella platycaula
    
    • Photo. From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Kenneth R. Wood.
14. Korthalsella remyana
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Jupiter Nielsen.
15. Korthalsella rubra
    
    • Photos. A series of excellent photos of the plant by Margaret Donald. These may be K. rubra subsp. geijericola. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photo habit of plant. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
16. Korthalsella salicornioides
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. Parasitic on Erica lusitanica (an introduced host).  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
    • Photo. Parasitic on Kunzea ericoides.  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
    • Photos. A series of photos and descriptions (in French). For a Google translation of the page to English, go HERE.  Link goes to Endemia.nc.

Notothixos

1. Notothixos cornifolius
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo habit of plant and photo of flowering shoot1 and flowers. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland. .
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
2. Notothixos incanus
   • Photo Habit of the plant parasitizing Melaleuca. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Plant showing haustorial connection to host. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Closer view of mistletoe shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photos. Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos. Coastal flat behind Moonee Beach, north of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales. Photos by Tony from Sydney. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo of flowering shoot, photo of flower and photo of fruiting shoots. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
3. Notothixos leiophyllus
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo of flowering shoot and photo of fruiting shoots. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
4. Notothixos malayanus
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
5. Notothixos subaureus
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos. Excellent photos of flowers and fruits. By Steve and Alison from Redland Bay, Queensland. Link goes to Flickr.
     
   • Photo of mistletoe habit on host branch, photo of flowering shoot, photo of flowers and photo of fruits. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland. .
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.

Phoradendron

1. Phoradendron affine
   
   • Photo of plant in fruit. Cerrado Campineiro, near Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photo by Marco Silva (originally from Picasaweb).
   • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo.  Zappi, D.C. 3331 - Brazil: Minas Gerais.  Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
2. Phoradendron anceps
   
   • Photo. Fruiting shoots. Guanica, Puerto Rico. Photo from Smithsonian Institution, taken by Pedro Acevedo-Rodriguez. See USDA Plants page HERE.
3. Phoradendron argentinum
   
   • Photo. A. Habit of plant on Ruprechtia laxiflora. B. Shoot with young fruits. C. Young glaucous shoots. D. Inflorescences with staminate and pistillate flowers (arrows). E. Fruits. From Dettke et al. (2011. Darwiniana 49: 86-89).
4. Phoradendron bathyoryctum
   • Photo. Branches with leaves and spikes (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
   • Photo. Detail of the spike (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
5. Phoradendron berteroanum (DC) Grisebach. (= P. henslovii)
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
     
   • Photo. Mistletoe parasitizing Galapagos Croton. Photo by John Pitts. Link goes to Flickr.
6. Phoradendron boacoi
   
   • Photos.  Nicaragua.  Photos by Stevens 30604. Link goes to TROPICOS.
7. Phoradendron bolleanum (densum variant)
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo.  Fruiting plant.  Mojave National Preserve, San Bernardino Co., CA.  Photo by Yaxbalam. Link goes to Flickr.
8. Phoradendron brachystachyum (syn. P. diguetianum)
   • Photo.  Parasitic on Pachycereus pringlei, forming subglobular excrescence to 3 dm on truck.  Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Photo 27 Nov. 1969 by Reid Moran (slide archived at the San Diego Natural History Museum).
   • Photo.  A second image of the above unusual host/parasite combination. Note the extensive canker formation, caused by hypertrophy of host tissue at the site of the mistletoe haustorium.  North of Migrino, Baja California Sur,  Mexico.  Photo 8 Nov. 1971 by Reid Moran (slide archived at the San Diego Natural History Museum).
   • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
9. Phoradendron californicum
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos. Several excellent photos of plant. Coachella Valley, California. Photos by Joe Decruyenaere. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo.  Phainopela feeding on Phoradendron californicum fruits. SE Arizona.  Photo by Gary Clark (originally on Picasaweb).
   • Photos.  A nice series of photos of this species from San Bernardino Co., CA. Photos by Dennis Stevenson.  Link goes to PlantSystematics.org.
   • Photo1, photo2.  Showing a rare condition epiparasitic upon P. serotinum ssp. macrophyllum. The latter upon Fraxinus velutina.  Moristown, AZ.  Photos by Paul Kaufman.  See his web site HERE.
   • Photos. Riverside County, California, USA. Photos 3 Mar 1977 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
10. Phoradendron capitellatum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
11. Phoradendron caripense
    
    • Photos. Parque Estadual do Biribiri - Serra do Espinhaço - Diamantina - Minas Gerais - Brazil. Photos by João Medeiros. Link goes to Flickr.
12. Phoradendron carneum
    
    • Photo. Infructescences. Mexico. G. Cornejo-Tenorio & G. Ibarra-Manriquez. Link goes to Neotropical Live Plants, Field Museum.
    • Photos. Link goes to iNaturalist.
      
13. Phoradendron chrysocladon
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
      
    • Photo. Belize. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 9692. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Photo. Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 21275. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Photo Perú. Possibly this taxon. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 15785. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Photo 1 and Photo 2. Possibly this taxon. Shoot with axillary spikes. Santo Domingo, sector Tintaya, Franz Tamayo, La Paz, Bolivia.  A. Fuentes et al. 11088.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo. Inflorescence. Chiriaco, lower slope of Cerro Tayu, Perú. Van der Werff 24660 (same as 24682). Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos.  Vicinity of Peñas Blancas, Carchi, Ecuador. Photos 18 Feb 2005 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
    • Photos. Link goes to Atrium.
      
14.  Phoradendron crassifolium
    
    • Photo.  Shoot with fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
    • Photo.  Branch with fertile sheathing intercallary cataphylls (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Branch parasitized by P. dipterum (arrow) (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photos. Shoots with inflorescences. Santa Cruz, Vallegrande Bolivia. Parada et al. 4803. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Shoots with inflorescences. Pasco, Oxapampa, Peru. Vásquez et al. 36149. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Series of excellent photos. Link goes to Flore de Guyane.
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
      
15. Phoradendron dipterum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo  Close-up of the attachment of the mistletoe (arrow) on P. crassifolium, an epiparasitic relationship (bar = 1.5 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Close-up of branch with spikes (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruiting spike (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photos. Series of excellent photos. Link goes to Flore de Guyane.
16.  Phoradendron foresteriae
    
    • Photo. Shoot with inflorescences. Chiapas, Mexico in the vicinity of San Cristobal de las Casas. Photo August 2008 by Christopher Randle.
17.  Phoradendron fragile
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo  Aspect of the flowering branch (bar = 4 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruits (bar = 5 mm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
18. Phoradendron hexastichum
    
    • Photo. Shoot with fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
    • Photo1, Photo2.  Puerto Rico.  Photos by C. M. Taylor. Link goes to TROPICOS.
19. Phoradendron inaequidentatum
    
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Possibly this species. Santa Cruz, Vallegrande Bolivia. Parada et al. 503. Link goes to TROPICOS.
20. Phoradendron juniperinum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Deschutes County, Oregon, USA. Photos 21 Oct. 2011 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
21. Phoradendron leucarpum. Four subspecies of this taxon were recognized in the monograph by Kuijt (2003); however, these cannot be distinguish by morphological or molecular means, thus all will be considered parts of a polymorphic and wide-ranging species.
    
    • Photos. A number of photos of this species. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo Parasitic on Quercus coccinea, Elmore Co, Alabama, USA. [DLN 2135]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos of the plant (considered P. leucarpum ssp. macrophyllum).  Cattle Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, CA.  Photos by Sedges Have Edges.  Link goes to Flickr. 
22. Phoradendron linearifolium
    
    • Photo Close-up of the haustorium on the host branch (bar = 1 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Branches and leaves of the mistletoe (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruit (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
23. Phoradendron longifolium
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
24. Phoradendron mucronatum
    
    • Photos. Area Natural de Manejo Integrado Madidi, La Paz, Franz Tamayo, Bolivia. Photos 17 Sept. 2006 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
    • Photo. Zappi, D.C. 1836 - Brazil: Minas Gerais.  Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
25. Phoradendron nervosum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
26. Phoradendron nitens
    
    • Photos. Shoot with inflorescences. Cloud forest remnant along Panamerican Highway to San Juan de Limay, Estelí, Nicaragua. Stevens & Montiel 34001. Link goes to TROPICOS.
27. Phoradendron northropiae
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
28. Phoradendron obtusissimum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo Mistletoe on the host (bar = 10 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruits (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
29. Phoradendron pellucidulum
    
    • Photo.  D. Sasaki et al. 2247 - Brazil: Mato Grosso. Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
30. Phoradendron perredactum
    
    • Photo of the host Bursera with the tiny mistletoe emerging from its branches. Photo of the mistletoe in fruit.  Cuernavaca municipio, Morelos, Mexico. Photographs by Esteban Martínez. This species was first described by Rzedowski & Calderon Rzedowski (2011 - see translation HERE) from a population near Mariscala, Oaxaca, Mexico.
31. Phoradendron perrottetii
    
    • Photos. Plant in fruit. Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photos by Gregório Ceccan-Tini. Link goes to Flickr.
      
    • Photo. Zappi, D.C. 2476 - Brazil: Minas Gerais. Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
    • Photos. Series of excellent photos. Link goes to Flore de Guyane.
      
32. Phoradendron piperoides
    • Photos. A nice series of good photos showing various parts of the plant. Photos by Alan Franck. Link goes to Flora of Clarendon Parish Region, Jamaica.
    • Photo  Mistletoe shoots with flowering spikes (bar = 3 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Fruiting spikes (bar = 3 cm). From Reif (2007).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoots. Chontales, Nicaragua. Stevens et al. 28532. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos A series of digital photos showing various parts of the plant (leaves, inflorescences, fruits, etc.) Link goes to La Flora Digital de La Selva.
    • Photos.  Volcan San Martin, Veracruz, Mexico. Photos 22 May 2001 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoots. Loreto, Loreto, Peru. Vásquez et al. 34960. Link goes to TROPICOS.
      Photos. Series of excellent photos. Link goes to Flore de Guyane.
    • Photos. Photos of plants in fruit from Peru. Link goes to Atrium
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
33. Phoradendron pteroneuron
    
    • Photo. Click on the forward arrow below the image to see more photos. D. Sasaki et al. 2262 - Brazil: Mato Grosso. Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
    • Photos. Series of excellent photos. Link goes to Flore de Guyane.
34. Phoradendron quadrangulare
    • Photo 1 and photo 2. Panamá. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo IDs rf3 and rf4. Photos by Robin Foster.
    • Photo  Close-up of the spike with fruits (bar = 5 mm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Seeds on host branch showing viscin stands. From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Fruiting shoot, parasitic on Ficus.   Km 168 on Highway 1, 16 km N of Estelí, Cuesta de Kukamonga, nearly dry stream bed leading down to Río Estelí, Nicaragua.  W. D. Stevens et al. no. 27030. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo Fruiting shoots, parasitic on Ficus. 8.1 km NE of La Libertad (parque) along road to Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens et al. 27353.   Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Municipio de Somoto, Cerro Quisuca, Madriz, Nicaragua. Coronado González 4076. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Estelí, Nicaragua. Coronado González 6879. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Granada, Nicaragua. Rueda 18569. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Bocos del Toro, Panama. Knapp and Monro 9928. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos of plant from near Iquitos, Peru.  By Alexey Yakovlev.  Link goes to Flickr.
35. Phoradendron racemosum
    
    • Photo. Mistletoe from Dominican Republic. Link goes to PhytoImages.
36. Phoradendron reichenbachianum
    
    • Photo. Shoot with inflorescences and infructescences. Mexico. G. Cornejo-Tenorio & G. Ibarra-Manriquez. Link goes to Neotropical Live Plants, Field Museum.
37. Phoradendron rhipsalinum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
38. Phoradendron robaloense
    
    • Photos. Shoots with inflorescences. A. K. Monro 4950. Link goes to TROPICOS.
39. Phoradendron robustissimum
    
    • Photos. Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Testigo: Hammel et al. 26985. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos. Guanacaste dry forest, Costa Rica. Photos D. Janzen. Link goes to BOLDSYSTEMS.
    • Photo. Close-up of inflorescence (note branching!). Costa Rica. Photo from Flickr.
      
    • Photo 1 showing habit in host tree (Caesalpinia) and Photo 2 flowering shoots. Possibly this species. Along Carretera Panamericana between Ciudad Darío and Sebaco, near Las Tunas, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens and O. M. Montiel J. no. 26626.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
40. Phoradendron rubrum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo. Flowering and fruiting shoots.  From Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants, Wildflowers of the Everglades.  Photo by Roger Hammer.
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
      
41. Phoradendron rusbyi
    
    • Photos. From Peru. Link goes to Atrium.
42. Phoradendron strongyloclados
    
    • Photo.  Inflorescence with young developing fruits. Parque Estadual da Serra das Andorinhas / Martiros e da APA Sao Geraldo do Araguaia, Brazil. Photo by André Cardoso. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. The alveolar rims are quite expanded, like in P. annulatum but that species is not recorded from Bolivia. Santa Cruz, Vallegrande, Bolivia. Parada et al. 2859.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Series of photos. Bahia, Brazil. Photos by Alex Popovkin. Link goes to Flickr.
      
43. Phoradendron tonduzii
    
    • Photos. Excellent photos of fruiting plants in Costa Rica by B. Hammel (22446). Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo.  Fruiting shoots, parasitic on Tecoma stans. Madriz, Nicaragua.  Stevens & Montiel 26731. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Fruiting shoots. Boaco, Nicaragua. Stevens & Montiel 31808. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo of fruiting plant. Zapotitlan, Mexico. Photos by Art Vogel (originally in Picasa web album).
    • Photo. Young female inflorescences. Photo by Pedro Juárez (PJ612). As P. piperoides. Link goes to Neotropical Live Plant Photos.
    • Photos. Series of photos of female plant with immature fruits. Costa Rica. Link goes to PhytoImages.
44. Phoradendron trinervium
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo.  Shoot with inflorescences and fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
45. Phoradendron tunaeforme
    
    • Photo Habit of mistletoe (bar = 1.5 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
46. Phoradendron undulatum
    
    • Photo.  Spikes with flowers. Bolivia.  A. Fuentes et al. (4522). Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo. Fruiting shoot. Panama. Monro (4497). Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo. Fruiting branch, sectioned at the ancipital internode (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo. Branchlet with sheathing cataphylls evident (arrow) (bar = 1.5 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available  HERE.
    • Photo . Close-up of the fruiting spike (bar = 5 mm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available  HERE.
    • Photos. Hacienda Tapezco-Hda. La Suerte, Limon, Costa Rica.  Photos 22 Aug. 1979 by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
    • Photo. Zappi, D.C. 2503 - Brazil: Minas Gerais. Link goes to Neotropical Plants image database at Kew.
47. Phoradendron velutinum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
48. Phoradendron villosum
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos.  A nice series of photos of this species from Kern Co., CA. Photos by Dennis Stevenson.  Link goes to PlantSystematics.org.
49. Phoradendron woodsonii
    
    • Photos. Fruiting shoot. Original ID P. crassifolium (Kuijt 2011). Bocas del Toro, Panama. Monro & Alfaro 4371. Link goes to TROPICOS.
50. Phoradendron sp. 1
    • Photo Near Boca Limon, NW of San Vito, Costa Rica. The parasite has nearly taken over the entire host tree! Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
51. Phoradendron sp. 2
    • Photo Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14419. Photo by Robin Foster.
52. Phoradendron sp. 3
    • Photo Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14402. Photo by Robin Foster.
53. Phoradendron sp. 4
    
    • Photo 1 of shoots with young fruits and Photo 2 a close-up from that photo.  Along Carretera Panamericana between Ciudad Darío and Sebaco, near Las Tunas, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. W.D. Stevens & O.M. Montiel J. 26628.  Differs from P. mucronatum and P. rigidifolium in several features; thus a new species? Link goes to TROPICOS.
54. Phoradendron sp. 5
    
    • Photo 1 showing mistletoe in epiphyte-covered Ficus and Photo 2 of infructescence. Along road to San Marcos from Jinotega to San Rafael del Norte highway, 2 km from highway, Jinotega, Nicaragua.  W. D. Stevens and O. M. Montiel J. no. 27765.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
55. Phoradendron sp. 6
    
    • Photo.   Inflorescences. Parasitic on Cordia alliodora. 7 km NNE of Cuapa along road toward Muy Muy, Chontales, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens & O. M. Montiel J. no. 27988.   Link goes to TROPICOS.
56. Phoradendron sp. 7
    
    • Photos 1 and 2 of flowering shoots (some with young fruits) and photo 3 of fruiting shoots. Compare with P. brittonianum and P.  pteroneuron. Bolivia. A. F. Fuentes Claros et al. no. 5592.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
57. Phoradendron sp. 8
    • Photos.  From Peru. Link goes to Flora of the World.

Viscum

1. Viscum album
   • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo Fruiting plant, from population introduced to California, USA. Photo by D. Wiens.
   • Photos. Many photos of this species and its subspecies. Link goes to BioLib.cz
     
   • Photo Several photos, including close-ups of the fruits. Link goes to BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK).
   • Photos  From Google Image search.
     
2. Viscum album ssp. austriacum
   • Photo Parasitic on Pinus sylvestris. Lower Austria. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Viscum angulatum
   
   • Photo of plant on host, Randia dumetorum (Rubiaceae) and photo showing closer view of shoots. Mahabaleshwar, India (Western Ghats). Photo January 2009 by R.B. Jadhav.
4. Viscum alni-formosae
   • Photo An endemic species, parasitic on Alnus, found in the central mountains at about 2000 m. Photo by J.-M. Hu, June 16, 1993. Nan-Tou, Taiwan.
   • Photos.  Nice close-ups of plant from Taiwan.  Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
5. Viscum anceps
   
   • Photos.  Parasitic on Zanthoxylum capense in South Africa. Link goes to iSpot Share Nature.
6. Viscum angulatum
   
   • Photos. Link goes to Flickr
7. Viscum apiculatum
   
   • Photos. Buerki collection 112 from Madagascar. Original ID V. myriophlebium, but the flattened stems and apiculate leaves confirm it is V. apiculatum. Link goes to TROPICOS
8. Viscum articulatum
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos. A series of close-up photos of flowers, fruits, etc. Taiwan. Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo of mistletoe habit on host branch with Dendrophthoe homoplasticum, photo of shoot, photo of flower and photo of fruits. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
   • Photo. Fruiting shoot on host branch. Maharashtra, India. Photo by Prashant Awale. Link goes to Flowers of India.
   • Photos and descriptions. A nicely done blog entitled "Mistletoes of Singapore". Link goes to tHE tIDE cHAsER.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Subject Database of China Plant.
9. Viscum bagshawei
   
   • Photo of male flowers and fruits by M. G. Gilbert. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
10. Viscum bancroftii
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
11. Viscum boivinii
    
    • Photos. Female plant with young fruits. Original ID V. myriophlebium. But note presence of three main veins (not many small ones), and grouping of up to three flowers per peduncle. Madagascar.  Link goes to Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques Ville de Geneve.
12. Viscum capense
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
13. Viscum capitellatum.
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo of plant with unripe fruits and seeds forming haustoria on host.  Epiparasitic on Dendrophthoe falcata which was itself parasitic on Mangifera indica. Western Ghats, India.  Photos by R. B. Jadhav.
14.  Viscum coloratum
    
    • Photos.  Jilin Shirakawa street, China. Photo by Xuke Xue. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
      Photos.  Link goes to Subject Database of China Plant.
    • Photos. As V. alni-formosanae. Link goes to Flickr.
      
15.  Viscum combreticola
    
    • Photos. Series of photos, from Zimbabwe. Link goes to Flora of Zimbabwe.
16. Viscum continuum
    
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
17. Viscum crassulae
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Eastern Cape, South Africa. Link goes to Flora of the World.
18. Viscum cruciatum
    
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
19.  Viscum cuneifolium
    
    • Photos.  Female plant in full flower. Madagascar (Antilahimena - 8350). This Viscum has an almost showy flower! Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photo Shoot with young fruits. Specimen unidentified. Madagascar. A. Razanatsima et al. no. 274.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Plant with young fruits. Fianarantsoa, Vatovavy-Fitovinany, Madagascar.  Photos by C. Davidson. IDed as V. multiflorum but that species lacks a bibracteal cup and has single, not grouped flowers. Link goes to Flora of the World.
20. Viscum diospyrosicolum
    
    • Photos   Fujian, Hu Bo Liu, China. Photo by Xuke Xue. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
21. Viscum engleri
    
    • Photo, habit of plants in host tree and fruits, by Del Wiens. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
      
22. Viscum heyneanum
    
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
23. Viscum laxum
    
    • Photo. Link goes to Wikimedia Commons.
24. Viscum liquidambaricola
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.
25. Viscum littorum
    
    • Photos  Link goes to Flickr.
      
26. Viscum longipetiolatum
    
    • Photos. Madagascar. Link goes to TROPICOS.
27. Viscum lophiocladum
    
    • Photo.  Shoot with female flowers. Possibly this species. Madagascar. Callmander 641.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
28. Viscum loranthi
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
29. Viscum menyharthii
    
    • Photos. Series of photos, from Zimbabwe. Link goes to Flora of Zimbabwe.
    • Photo, habit of plants in host tree and fruiting shoot, by Del Wiens. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
      
30. Viscum minimum
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photo Plant in fruit. On Euphorbia sp. Photo by J. Mauseth.
    • Photo.  Euphorbia with Viscum fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
    • Photos  Link goes to Flickr.
31. Viscum monoicum
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
32. Viscum multicostatum
    
    • Photos. Madagascar.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Madagascar. Link goes to PhytoImages.
33. Viscum multiflorum
    
    • Photos. Plant with mature fruit. Madagascar. Callmander 422. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. This plant, unidentified to species, could be V. multiflorum. Madagascar. P. Antilahimena 7834. Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos Madagascar. Link goes to Flora of the World.
34. Viscum multinerve
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Flickr.
35. Viscum myriophlebium
    
    • Photos. Close-up of leaf base and axil showing young inflorescence still covered in bud scales. Note presence of numerous leaf veins. Madagascar. Ravelonarivo Désiré 4555.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
    • Photos. Plant with young inflorescence still covered in bud scales. Possibly V. myriophlebium var. longifolium. Madagascar. Rakotoarivelo 189. Link goes to TROPICOS.
      
36. Viscum nepalense
    
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
37. Viscum nudum
    
    • Photos.   Link goes to www.planta.cn NONFUNCTIONAL?.
38. Viscum obovatum
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
39. Viscum obscurum
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Western Cape, South Africa.  Photos by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
    • Photo.  Fruits by Del Wiens. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
40. Viscum orientale [=V. hyneanum]
    
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
41. Viscum oreophilum
    
    • Photo.  Fruit, by Del Wiens. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
42. Viscum ovalifolium
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photo of mistletoe with young fruits and photo of mature fruit. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
    • Photos. Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
    • Photos and descriptions. A nicely done blog entitled "Mistletoes of Singapore". Link goes to tHE tIDE cHAsER.
    • Photos.  Unfortunately, one must scroll down to see the watermarked photos. Link goes to www.planta.cn.
43. Viscum pauciflorum
    
    • Photos.  Parasitic on Euclea in Cape Region, South Africa. Link goes to iSpot Share Nature.
44. Viscum pentanthum
    
    • Photos. Female plant with flowers and young fruits. Madagascar. Rasoazanany 582. Link goes to TROPICOS.
45. Viscum perrieri
    
    • Photo.  Fruiting shoot. Possibly this species. Madagascar. Rakotonirina 42. Link goes to TROPICOS.
46. Viscum radula
    
    • Photos. Plant with young fruits. Original ID V. multiflorum. But that species does not have a bibracteal cup and its flowers are not grouped at the end of the peduncle. Madagascar. Callmander 629.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
47. Viscum rotundifolium
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
48. Viscum schaeferi
    
    • Photos.  Parasitic on Boscia foetida in Namibia. Link goes to iSpot Share Nature.
49. Viscum shirense
    
    • Photos. Series of photos, from Zimbabwe. Link goes to Flora of Zimbabwe.
50. Viscum subserratum
    
    • Photo.  Fruits, by Del Wiens. From Polhill & Wiens (1998) "Mistletoes of Africa".
51. Viscum trachycarpum
    
    • Photos. Madagascar. Link goes to TROPICOS.
52. Viscum triflorum
    • Photo Isotype. Link goes to TROPICOS.
53. Viscum tuberculatum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Series of photos. Link goes to West African Plants: A Photo Guide.
    • Photos.  Several species, including V. tuberculatum. Photos by C. Davidson. Link goes to Flora of the World.
54. Viscum verrucosum
    
    • Photos. Series of photos. Link goes to Flora of Zimbabwe.
    • Photos. Warty fruits. Along Fort Usher road, Matobo, Zimbabwe. Link goes to Flora of Mozambique.
    • Photos. Stem with female flowers. Link goes to PICSSR.
      
55. Viscum whitei
    • Photos Link goes to Australian Parasitic Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
56. Viscum species 1
    
    • Photos. Plant with young fruits. Madagascar. Razakamalala 7647. Listed as V. triflorum, but according to Halle (1964), this species does not occur on Madagascar but on the neighboring Comoros islands. This could be V. tsaifajaonense.  Link goes to TROPICOS.
57. Viscum species 2
    
    • Photos. Plants in fruit. From Vietnam. Link goes to Flora of the World.
58. Viscum species 3
    
    • Photos. Close-up of inflorescence showing a male flower and young fruit. Because this plant is monoecious, it cannot be V. multiflorum as identified. The smooth fruit and what appears to be subcylindric stems places this (again) near V. tsaifajaonense. Madagascar. P. Antilahimena - 6129. Link goes to TROPICOS.

Key to Viscum in Madagascar

Given that about one fourth of the ca. 120 species of Viscum occur in Madagascar, this country represents the second most diverse landmass following continental Africa for species diversity.  Halle (1964) provided a treatment for Viscum (under Loranthaceae) wherein 31 species were recognized. I translated her key from French to English and it is available HERE as a pdf file.

DNA Sequence Data

• PPC Tables (includes lists of unpublished sequences)
• NCBI Taxonomy Browser (Genbank, published sequences for Viscaceae)

Phylogeny

References